[Effects of strength training on serum levels of irisin and myostatin hormones, and their association with lipid profiles in untrained women]

Introduction: It seems that, relatively studies have examined the effects of strength training on irisin and myostatin hormones and to date, the association between irisin and myostatin with blood lipids in response to strength training has been assessed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of strength training on serum level of irisin and myostatin hormones, and their association with lipid profile in untrained women

Materials and Methods: In a semi experimental study 16 active untrained women were randomly assigned into two, the training [n=10; body mass index: 23.45 +/- 2.83 kg/m2] and the control [n=6; age; body mass index: 23.28 +/- 2.62 kg/m2] groups. The strength training program consisted of 8 weeks, three sessions per week, each session 65 minutes. Serum levels of irisin, myostatin and lipid profile concentrations were measured before and 24 hours the after last training session. Data analyses were performed using SPSS version 22 and significance was assigned at P<0.05

Results: Results showed significant decrease in levels of cholesterol and myostatin in the training group [P<0.05] with a strong correlation between irisin and myostatin levels after 8 weeks of training [P<0.05]. However no correlation were seen between irisin and myostatin with lipid profile [p>0.05]

Conclusion: In conclusion the results of the study demonstrated that strength training can have favorable effects on myostatin and cholesterol serum levels in untrained women and that myostatin level is strongly correlated with irisin

[Effect of a period circuit resistance training on components of the metabolic syndrome in females with type II diabetes]

Introduction: Physical activity has beneficial effects in the prevention of metabolic syndrome components. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of circuit resistance training on changes in fasting blood glucose, blood fat and blood pressure in females with type II diabetes

Materials and Methods: In this study, twenty females volunteers with diabetes Type II [aged 50.2 +/- 4.8yr, BMI 30.16 +/- 3.6 kg/m2] participated and were randomly divided into a circuit resistance training and a control group aged 51.3 +/- 6.63yr, BMI 30.5 +/- 4.8 kg/m2. Circuit resistance training included of leg extensions, lying leg curl, bench press, cable triceps pushdown, frontarm, leg press, cable Row and sit-ups with 40-65% 1RM for 3 days a week. Blood pressure and body composition was measured before starting the training protocol and after the last training session. Changes from baseline were assessed using the paired sample t-test. In addition, pre-and-post comparisons between groups were analyzed, using the independent student t-test

Results: Results showed significant changes in glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] [P<0.03] and total cholesterol [TC][P<0.02] between these two groups after intervention, whereas no significant changes occurred in fasting blood sugar, triglycerides [TG], highdensity lipoprotein [HDL-C], lowdensity lipoprotein [LDL-C], levels or in systolic or diastolic blood pressure, or waist to hip ratio [WHR]

Conclusions: Circuit resistance training with 40-65%1RM can decrease glycosylated hemoglobin and total cholesterol in patients and plays an important role in improving symptoms of metabolic syndrome in patients

[ impact of family physician program on mother and child health indices in rural population auspices of Mashhad university of medical sciences and health care services, Iran; 2009]

The implementation of Rural Insurance and Family Physician Programs with the intention of reforming and improving the delivery of health care services nationwide started in 2005. However, the functionality of these programs has not been investigated yet. This study was done to determine the effect of Family Physician Program on mother and child health indices for rural population auspices of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and Health Care Services [MUMS]. The mean values of eight health indices of mothers and children living in 19 rural districts [Khorasan Razavi Province] of MUMS four years before and three years after the implementation of Family Physician Program [2001-2004 and 2005-2007, respectively] were compared using Analysis of Variance. The data were gathered by the employees of rural health houses [Behvarzes]. As the program was being implemented in all rural areas simultaneously, there was no possibility to form any control group. Therefore, the mean values of indices for the experimental group before and after the program were compared. Although the results did not show any significant difference between the mean values of indices before and after the implementation of the program, the trend of indices for the seven years of the study [2001-2007] confirmed the positive impact of the program. The overall improvement observed in mother and child indices after the implementation of Family Physician program can be viewed as the promising future outlook of the program to bring about further health improvements for the rural population

[ evaluation of morphine based CPP on the astrocytes of male rat's dentate gyrus]

Morphological alterations of hippocampus and dentate gyrus due to opium were reported in humans and animals. Also other evidences have shown that astrocytes actively participate in synaptic plasticity. This study was done to determine the conditioning place preference [CPP] on astrocytes number of Rat dentate gyrus by immunohistochemical technique. In this experimental study, 48 male Wistar Rat weighted average 220- 250 g were used. For behavioural tests, Rats divided into eight experimental groups. The Rats were received morphine at different doses [2.5, 5, 7.5 mg/kg] for three days by subcutaneous injection and sham groups, received saline dose [1 mg/kg] and then CPP test in them were investigated. 48 hours after behavioural testing animals were decapitated under chloroform anesthesia and their brains fixed and after tissue processing, slices stained with immunohistochemistery techniques. For morphometric study PTAH staining of astrocytes was used. The most dose responses of morphine was observed in 7.5mg/kg. The number of astrocytes in the controls [20.627 +/- 6.129] was similar to control-saline group [17.339 +/- 4.71]. This difference was not significant, while the difference in the number of astrocytes in control group with morphine-treated experimental groups was significant [P<0.05]. We concluded that the phenomenon of conditioned place preference induced by morphine can cause a significant increase in the number of astrocytes of sham and experimental groups compared to controls

[Comparison the effects of cardiac rehabilitation program [concurrent endurance and resistance training] on exercise capacity of men and women patients with coronary artery disease]

The importance of cardiac rehabilitation has been widely acknowledged, after myocardial infarction. Improved physical capacity is an important outcome of cardiac rehabilitation. Therefore, accurate measurement of the exercise tolerance of cardiac patients before and after cardiac rehabilitation program using an objective measure is important. To comparison the effects of cardiac rehabilitation program [concurrent endurance and resistance training] on exercise capacity of men and women patients with coronary artery disease. In this prospective study, among 40 patients, 20 patients [10 female with mean age 54.5 +/- 5.44 and 10 male with mean age 53.2 +/- 7.68] who arrived to Phase II cardiac rehabilitation were assessed. 6MWT and Exercise Test [ET] were performed at the beginning and at the end of 8 weeks program [3 days per week] in the both group of the patients. Both of 2 groups had significant response to Cardiac rehabilitation program after cardiac rehabilitation, functional capacity [6MWT] and exercise capacity [ET]. There is no significant difference between final value of 6mwt distance, Exercise capacity [Exercise test time], Heart Rate Recovery [HRR], Rate Pressure Product [RPP], VO2 peak between men and women patients with Coronary Artery Disease before and after cardiac rehabilitation program, but all of above improved significantly in both CRP men and women [p < 0.001]. Probably all of men and women patients affected of exercise training similarity